What is Dry Eye Syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis Sicca)

Dry eye syndrome (DES), also known as dry eye disease (DED), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and keratitis Sicca, is a multifactorial disease of tears and the surface of the eye, resulting in discomfort, Visual and tearing instability of film with potential damage to the surface of the eye.

The dry eye syndrome is a common form of the disease of eyesurface (OSD) and may overlap with other causes of OSD, such as allergy eye and lipid component (MGD) glands.

The surface of the eye is an integrated anatomical unit consisting of 7 interactive elements and interdependent Central: film The RIP, the lacrimal apparatus and accessories lacrimal apparatus, drainage of cyst, the Eyedeckel, the Birnear and common conjunctiva, nerves V and VII nerves.

Anomalies or deficiencies in one of the components surface 7 eye aggravate dry eye syndrome, but the promise of effective therapeutic intervention opportunities.

Eye tear system Anatomy, (Description) a. tear gland of gland/Tranenapparates, b. Superior Tranenapparates punctum c Superior Tranenapparates channel, d. bag of bag/Tranenapparates Tear, e. unterlegen Tranenapparates punctum, f. low Tranenapparates channel, g. channel of Dakryozystozele.

Dry eye syndrome can be divided into two categories, as follows:

1. Dry eye associated with the syndrome of Sjögren (SS)
2. Dry eye syndrome unrelated to SS (non - SS KCS)

Dry eye syndrome can also be subdivided into dry eye pure aqueous deficiency and evaporate the dry eye. 86 percent of patients with dry eye syndrome also have signs of lipid component glands.

Signs and Symptoms Dry Eye Syndrome

The most common complaints related to dry eye syndrome include:

1. Drought of sensation and eye foreign body and
2. Hyperemia
3. mucus flow
4. Eye irritation
5. Excessive crack (secondary reflex secretion)
6. Phobia of photography
7. mutation or blurry vision

Diagnosis Dry Eye Syndrome

The following tests may be used for the diagnosis:

• The vital dye of cornea and conjunctival epithelium to the fluorescein, Lissamine green or rose Bengal
• The tear film osmolarity
• Metalloproteinase matrix-eyepiece 9 (MMP-9)
• Measurement of the separation of tear time (TBUT)
• Glider test
• Torn meniscus height
• Quantification of the components of tear by analyzing the tear protein
• Impression cytology to observe the evolution of the ocular changes

Other tests that can be used in a research report include:

• The analysis of stability tear (CSE) system
• Tear function index (TFI); (Change of Liverpool)
• The test remotely Tear (TFT)

Criteria for a diagnosis of dry eye in relation to the syndrome of Sjögren (SS) are as follows:

• Result of exceptionally low screen test
• Objective signs of low flow of saliva
• Lymphatic infiltration proven glands
• Dysfunction of the immune system, which manifests itself by the presence of serum antibody (e.g., antinuclear antibodies [ana] arthritis [en] and anti-ro (SS - a) factor and antibody anti-La [SS - B])

 Dry Eye Syndrome Threatment

Early detection and aggressive treatment of dry eye, or dry keratoconjunctivitis (KCS) syndrome, can help prevent the cornea and scars.

Therapy

Lubrication, the drugs most commonly used to treat dry eye syndrome. Agents used to treat dry eye syndrome include:

1. Artificial tear replacing
2. Emulsions, gels and ointments
3. Topical anti-inflammatory active principles: current cyclosporine, [4, 5] current corticosteroid
4. Current or systemic omega-3 fatty acids: omega-3 fatty acids inhibit the synthesis of lipid mediators and block the production of interleukin (IL) - 1 and necrosis factor tumor alpha (TNF - α)
5. Current or systemic tetracycline
6. Secretagogues: Diquafosol, which must be approved by the Japan [6, 7], but not in the United States
7. Hyaluronic acid present, which has also been approved in Japan [8]
8. Autologous or serum
9. Systemic immunosuppressants

Therapeutic lenses

Glasses specially designed, known as a wet-room shows which wrap around the eyes to keep moisture and protect irritations can be useful in some cases of eye dry. Therapeutic contact lenses may also be useful.

Surgical interventions

Caps lacrimaux is often used in the treatment of the syndrome of the eye dry. The following types are available:

1. Absorbable form
2. No ankles absorber
3. Thermoplastic sheet
4. Hydrogel sheet

Other advanced or surgical options are:

• Sealing of the perforations or Descemetocele with cornea cyanoacrylate
• Patch of corneal or corneoscleral for an imminent or open perforation
• Side temporary tarsorrhaphy tarsorrhaphy (50%) is used in patients with the syndrome of dry eye secondary to exposure keratitis after the facial nerve paralysis and neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve lesions that cause a loss of secondary dry eye corneal sensitivity syndrome
• Conjunctival flap
• Conjunctivoplasty-Cup symptoms conjunctivochalasis
• Caustic surgical closure of the lacrimal drainage system
• Refinement mucus membrane
• Implementation of saliva led
• Fruit water membrane transplantation or amniotic membrane contact lens therapy
• Replacement of the prosthetic lens surface ecosystem (prose) eye therapy